Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact combat sport that allows both striking and grappling, both standing and on the ground, using techniques from other combat sports and martial arts. The first documented use of the term mixed martial arts was in a review of UFC 1 by television critic Howard Rosenberg in 1993. The term gained popularity when newfullcontact.com, then one of the largest websites covering the sport, hosted and republished the article. The question of who actually coined the term is subject to debate.
During the early 20th century, various mixed-style contests took place throughout Japan, Taiwan and in the countries of the Four Asian Tigers. In 1980 CV Productions, Inc. created the first regulated MMA league in the United States, named Tough Guy Contest, later renamed Battle of the Superfighters. The company sanctioned ten tournaments in Pennsylvania. However, in 1983 the Pennsylvania State Senate passed a bill prohibiting the sport.
In 1993, the Gracie family brought vale tudo, developed in Brazil from the 1920s, to the United States by founding the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) MMA promotion company.
Originally promoted as a competition to find the most effective martial arts for real unarmed combat, competitors from different fighting styles were pitted against one another in contests with relatively few rules. Later, individual fighters employed multiple martial arts into their style. MMA promoters were pressured to adopt additional rules to increase competitors' safety, to comply with sport regulations and to broaden mainstream acceptance of the sport.Following these changes, the sport has seen increased popularity with a pay-per-view business that rivals boxing and professional wrestling.
ศิลปะการต่อสู้ป้องกันตัวแบบผสม (อังกฤษ: Mixed martial art; MMA) คือ การต่อสู้ที่รวมเอาศิลปะการต่อสู้หลายแขนงเข้าไว้ด้วยกัน อย่างเช่น มวยไทย มวยสากล ยูโด มวยปล้ำ คาราเต้ แซมโบ บราซิลเลี่ยน ยูยิสสู มีทั้งการเตะต่อย และการทำให้คู่ต่อสู้ยอมแพ้
In May 2016, Lee was crowned the inaugural ONE Women’s Atomweight World Champion, emerging victorious in a thrilling effort against Japanese veteran, Mei Yamaguchi. In doing so, she made history by becoming the youngest person to ever win an MMA world championship.
Mei Yamaguchi (山口 芽生 yamaguchi mei, born February 3, 1983), formerly known by her ring name V Hajime (V一 vī hajime), is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer. Her former nickname comes from the V1 armlock wrestling move.
Yamaguchi currently fights as a lightweight in the Jewels promotion. She has a notable victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final Valkyrie Featherweight Champion.
On February 5, 2011, Yamaguchi announced that she would begin competing as a freelance fighter and changed her ring name to V.V.
Early life
Yamaguchi was born in Tokyo, Japan on February 3, 1983. While living in Los Angeles, California, she studied some of her elementary school years before returning to Japan. She also studied abroad in the United States during her university years.
Yamaguchi began to learn karate during her residence in the United States around the age of 7 years old, yearning to be like Jackie Chan. During college, she started training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. After returning to Japan, she joined Butoku Kai. She currently serves as the leader of the Morishita branch.
In 2005, Yamaguchi entered into the Max Jiu-Jitsu Academy.
Mixed martial arts career
Yamaguchi started her professional career in MMA in the lightweight tournament of Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 First Stage on March 11, 2007, where she defeated Anna Saito by submission due to a rear naked choke.
Yamguchi won her next fight in Smackgirl, defeating Saori Ishioka with a kneebar, forcing Ishioka to tap in the second round in the semi-finals at Smackgirl-F 2007: The Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 2nd Stage on May 19, 2007.
On September 6, 2007 at Smackgirl 2007: Queens' Hottest Summer, Yamaguchi defeated Emi Tomimatsu by split decision, winning the final of the Next Cinderella Tournament 2007 in the lightweight division.
In her last fight with the promotion Smackgirl and her fourth professional match, Yamaguchi was defeated via split decision by Emi Fujino on December 26, 2007 at Smackgirl 7th Anniversary: Starting Over.
Her next bout would be at the first event for the promotion Valkyrie, Valkyrie 01, where she lost by unanimous decision against women's MMA legend Yuka Tsuji on November 8, 2008. It was just the fourth time that Tsuji had been taken to a decision.
Yamaguchi rebounded by winning her next two bouts in the inaugural Valkyrie women's featherweight tournament. The first was a unanimous decision win over Emi Fujino on April 25, 2009 at Valkyrie 02 in a rematch of their 2007 bout. The second tournament bout was against Kyoko Takabayashi, whom Yamaguchi was able to defeat with a close split decision at Cage Force & Valkyrie on July 12, 2009, winning the tournament in the process and earning the right to face Yuka Tsuji for Valkyrie's Featherweight championship.
At Valkyrie 04, in her second match against Tsuji, Yamaguchi was once again the underdog, but she managed to defeat Tsuji with a rear naked choke in only 76 seconds. This was the first time that Tsuji was defeated by a fellow Japanese fighter and only the second time that she had been defeated in her MMA career. Yamaguchi became Valkyrie's Featherweight Champion in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in the history of women's mixed martial arts.
On November 28, 2010, Yamaguchi faced Kyoko Takabayashi in a rematch of the 2009 featherweight tournament final and Yamaguchi's first defense of Valkyrie's featherweight title. Yamaguchi barely retained with a contentious majority draw in which the dissenting judge scored the fight in favor of Takabayashi at Valkyrie 08.
Yamaguchi faced "Windy" Tomomi Sunaba at Pancrase Impressive Tour 3 on April 3, 2011. She defeated Sunaba by majority decision.
Yamaguchi next faced Akiko Naito at Pancrase Impressive Tour 4 on May 3, 2011. She defeated Naito by armbar submission in the first round.
Yamaguchi faced Seo Hee Ham in a Jewels vs. Valkyrie match at Jewels 15th Ring on July 9, 2011. She was defeated by unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi faced Mika Nagano at Jewels 17th Ring on December 17, 2011. She won the fight by split decision.
Yamaguchi fought outside Japan for the first time in her MMA career when she faced Katja Kankaanpää at Botnia Punishment 11 on March 23, 2012 in Finland. She was defeated by unanimous decision.
On July 21, 2012, Yamaguchi faced Emi Tomimatsu in a rematch at Jewels 20th Ring. She defeated Tomimatsu by unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi next faced Megumi Fujii at Vale Tudo Japan 2012 on December 24, 2012.She was defeated by unanimous decision.
On May 25, 2013, Yamaguchi faced Seo Ye Jung at Jewels 24th Ring.She defeated Jung by submission due to an armbar in the first round.
In her second fight outside Japan, Yamaguchi faced Patricia Vidonic at Pacific Xtreme Combat 40 on October 25, 2013 in Guam. She was defeated by split decision.
Submission grappling and shoot boxing career
Yamaguchi tried her hand in submission grappling, first in the Abu Dhabi Combat Club Japan Trial final qualifier in the under-55 kg class, where she was defeated by points by Yasuko Mogi on April 15, 2007.In her second and final submission grappling match, she was once again defeated by points; this time by women's MMA star Miku Matsumoto at DEEP X03 on July 5, 2008.
Yamaguchi has had a more successful run in shoot boxing. She began competing on August 23, 2009, in the shoot boxing tournament Girls S-Cup 2009, where she defeated by decision South Korean female Muay thai kickboxer Su Jeong Lim and fellow mixed martial artist and karateka Madoka Okada before losing against female shoot boxing rising star Rena Kubota in the tournament final.[65] Yamaguchi won her next two bouts by decision. She participated in the shoot boxing Girls S-Cup 2010, defeating Samanta van Dole by technical submission (standing guillotine choke) and losing against Ai Takahashi by unanimous decision after an extra round.
On August 19, 2011, Yamaguchi entered the 2011 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup tournament. She faced Mina in the opening round and was defeated by majority decision.
Yamaguchi entered the 2012 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup on August 25, 2012. She defeated Namtarn Por Munagpetch and Lorena Klijn to advance to the final round, but lost to Rena Kubota via unanimous decision in the tournament final.
Yamaguchi faced Lorena Klijn in a rematch at Shoot Boxing 2013: Act.3 on June 23, 2013. She was defeated by unanimous decision.
Yamaguchi was scheduled to compete against Du Peiling at the 2013 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup Japan Midsummer Festival on August 3, 2013. However, Peiling suffered an injury and Yamaguchi instead faced Chihiro Kira. She defeated Kira by unanimous decision.
Angela Lee
Angela Sun Ju Lee (Chinese: 李胜珠, born July 8, 1996) is a Canadian mixed martial artist.
Born in Vancouver to a Singaporean father and a South Korean mother, Lee moved to Hawaii at the age of 7. Her parents are both martial artists, so she began training at a very young age and competing at the age of six. Her younger brother Christian Lee (born June 21, 1998 in Vancouver) is also an MMA fighter and she has two younger siblings, Victoria and Adrian (born in Waipahu), who both train in martial arts.
In 2011, Lee won her division at the USA Amateur pankration national championships, and she followed that the next year by winning her division at the World Pangration Athlima Federation world championships in Greece. On May 5, 2016, she became the youngest person to ever win a world title in MMA by defeating Mei Yamaguchi to win the ONE Women's Atomweight (115 lbs) Title.[7] As of June 2017, Fight Matrix ranks her #12 female MMA Strawweight (111-118.9 lbs) in the world.
Mixed martial arts career
In 2014 Lee made her amateur debut, and in November of that year she won a title at amateur level, beating Audrey Perkins at Destiny MMA: Na Koa 7 in Honolulu to become the Destiny MMA strawweight champion.
ONE Championship
Lee signed with ONE Championship in 2014 and made her promotional debut at ONE Championship 28: Warrior's Quest on 22 May 2015, submitting Aya Saber with an armbar in the opening round.
Following the win Lee dropped out of her business administration degree course at a university in Hawaii and moved to Singapore to join Evolve MMA. In her next fight she faced Mona Samir at ONE Championship: Odyssey of Champions on 27 September 2015 and won with a first round rear naked choke.
Lee's third professional fight was at ONE Championship 33: Pride of Lions on Nov 13, 2015 and she submitted Natalie Gonzales Hills with a twister in the opening round in what commentators described as a potential submission of the year contender. She subsequently won the 2015 WMMA Press Award for Submission of the Year.
Next, she faced Lena Tkhorevska at ONE Championship 36: Spirit of Champions on Dec 11, 2015 and won with a rear naked choke in the second round. Lee's first fight of 2016 was against Rebecca Heintzman at ONE Championship 39: Tribe of Warriors on Feb 20, 2016, and she won with a second round neck crank.
Lee's reward for submitting her first five opponents was a shot at the inaugural ONE Championship Atomweight Women's Title against Japanese veteran Mei Yamaguchi at ONE Championship 42: Ascent to Power on May 6, 2016. Winning the fight would make her the youngest-ever MMA world champion.
Lee won the fight by unanimous decision to become the inaugural ONE Women's Atomweight Champion,and received a $68,200 SGD bonus for her performance. The MMA media described her fight with Yamaguchi as a Fight of the Year contender. She subsequently signed a new contract with ONE Championship. Commentators speculated that her new contract made Lee the highest paid teenager in the history of MMA, male or female.
On March 11 2017, Angela Lee defeated Jenny Huang of Taiwan and retained the Atomweight World Championship title. On May 27 2017, she was successful in her second title defense against Istela Nunes of Brazil.
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